Knee Pain - when our feet roll inwards (called pronation), internal tibial rotation results, causing skewing of the knee joint and damaging the surrounding muscle structure.

Shin Splints - shin splints generally result from excessive pronation, which causes traction of the tendons and results in tightness and pain in the shins.

Achilles Tendonitis - excessive pronation increases the stress and traction placed on the calf muscles, causing inflammation and pain.

Lower Back Pain - when our feet roll inwards (excess pronation) this causes an anterior tilt of the pelvis, which results in tightening of muscles and lower back pain.